According to Countryaah.com, with capital city of San Salvador, El Salvador is a country located in North America with total population of 6,486,216.
State and politics
Politically, El Salvador has been characterized by violence, coups, dictatorships and civil war and it was only after the signing of the peace agreement in 1992 that a freer party political work could develop.
GOVERNMENT
El Salvador is a republic whose current constitution is from 1983. See ABBREVIATIONFINDER for how SV can stand for El Salvador. The country is governed by a president who is both head of state and government as well as commander-in-chief. The President is elected for a term of five years and may sit for several terms, but not in a row.
Parliament, the National Assembly, has 84 directly elected members who are elected for three-year terms.
The country is divided into 14 regions governed by governors appointed by the president, and 262 municipalities, governed by elected mayors.
Policy
Following the signing of the peace agreement, the political scene was long dominated by the two parties negotiating the agreement: the right-wing party Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA), which ruled the country during the civil war and had government power until 2009, and the former guerrilla alliance Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FML)), who won the 2009 and 2014 presidential elections.
Following the 2009 presidential election, a group of MPs from ARENA jumped off and formed a new party, Gran Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (GANA), led by former President Antonio Saca. GANA was originally a right-wing party and initially received great support, but lost in popularity when Saca was accused of corruption.
When the popular mayor of the capital, San Salvador, Nayib Bukele, broke with the FMLN, he turned to GANA, which had then moved towards the political center. Bukele needed a party behind him to stand in the 2019 presidential election. Bukele took a clear victory when he got 54 percent of the vote already in the first round, which meant the end of FMLN and ARENA’s dominance, at least as far as the presidential post is concerned..
Since the mid-1990s, Parliament has also been dominated by ARENA and the FMLN. It has usually separated only a few mandates between the parties, with barely overweight for ARENA (except after the 2000 and 2003 elections). However, the 2018 election led to a stronger takeover for ARENA, which received 37 of 84 seats against 23 for the FMLN. 26 of the members (31 percent) were women at that time.
Several historically significant parties, such as the Christian Democratic Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC) and the military’s old party Partido de Conciliación Nacional (PNC), have lost support and entered into various temporary alliances of several small parties.
Judiciary
The judiciary consists of small-scale courts (with peace judges), general courts of the courts, appellate courts and the Supreme Court. The legal system is in principle codified according to continental European models. The most important codifications are the Civil Code, the Commercial Code, the Criminal Code, the Civil Procedure Act and the Criminal Procedure Act. The death penalty was abolished in 1983 for crimes committed during peacetime but can still be punished under war or warlike conditions. The last known execution took place in 1973.
Heads of State
Presidents (in selection)
| 1841-42 | Juan Lindo |
| 1842-44 | Juan Guzmán |
| 1844-45 | Francisco Malespín |
| 1845-46 | Juan Guzmán |
| 1846-48 | Eugenio Aguilar |
| 1848-51 | Doroteo Vasconcelos |
| 1851-52 | Juan Quirós |
| 1852-54 | Francisco Dueñas |
| 1854-56 | José San Martín |
| 1856-58 | Rafael Campo |
| 1858-60 | Miguel Santín de Castillo |
| 1860-63 | Gerardo Barrios |
| 1863-71 | Francisco Dueñas |
| 1871-76 | Santiago González |
| 1876-85 | Rafael Zalvídar |
| 1885-90 | Francisco Menéndez |
| 1890-94 | Carlos Ezeta |
| 1894-98 | Rafael Gutiérrez |
| 1898-1903 | Tomás Regalado |
| 1903-07 | Pedro Escalón |
| 1907-11 | Fernando Figueroa |
| 1911-13 | Manuel Araújo |
| 1913-14 | Carlos Meléndez |
| 1914-15 | Alfonso Quiñónez |
| 1915-19 | Carlos Meléndez |
| 1919-23 | Jorge Meléndez |
| 1923-27 | Alfonso Quiñónez |
| 1927-31 | Pío Bosque |
| 1931-44 | Maximiliano Hernandez Martínez |
| 1944-45 | Osmín Aguirre |
| 1945-48 | Salvador Castañeda |
| 1948-49 | Manuel Córdoba |
| 1949-50 | Óscar Bolaños |
| 1950-56 | Óscar Osorio |
| 1956-60 | José Lemus |
| 1960 | junta |
| 1961 | new military junta |
| 1962-67 | Julio Rivera |
| 1967-72 | Fidel Sánchez |
| 1972-77 | Arturo Molina |
| 1977-79 | Carlos Romero |
| 1979-80 | junta |
| 1980-82 | José Napoleón Duarte |
| 1982-84 | Álvaro Magaña |
| 1984-89 | José Napoleón Duarte |
| 1989-94 | Alfredo Cristiani |
| 1994-99 | Armando Calderón Sol |
| 1999-2004 | Francisco Flores |
| 2004-09 | Antonio Saca |
| 2009-14 | Marício Funes |
| 2014-19 | Salvador Sanchez Cerén |
| 2019- | Nayib Bukele |